About Master Plan Delhi-2021
Delhi offers the best quality of life to its residents among all cities in the country, according to a 'Liveability Index' released by CII. In the index, based on surveys, Delhi outscores metros like Chenai, Bangalore, Mumbai and Kolkata; NCR towns Gurgaon, Noida and Faridabad; and even planned cities like Chandigarh. Delhi ranks first on parameters like population density, safety, transport, education and job opportunities. Being the capital of the country it gets the advantage of being the most well looked after state. Delhi is like a magnet as it attracts businesses and jobs resulting in migration of people. Due to this migration, Delhi was facing the problem of over population in the near future, looking at what the MPD-2021 was framed. MPD-2021 aims at transforming Delhi into the best metropolis of India.
MPD-2021 is the most effective policy that the government has ever planned for development of a mega city. MPD-2021 houses the needs of people with varying budgets. It is a policy that fulfills the requirements of people with varying budgets. It has proved to be benefiting everyone including the government. The features it has included have not only made the whole process of construction and sale a very easy process but also a very transparent one. From step one to the last, its been a total game changer. In this section you shall be getting the knowledge as to how it is different from other policies and how it is proving to be more effective than others. |
Introduction to MPD-2021MPD-2021 divides Delhi into 15 zones. of which 8 Zones are in the urban area, one in Riverbed and remaining 6 in the rural area. Urban areas are those in which the public is already living and has been developed. The rural areas are the ones which shall be coming up soon. The rural zones include Zones L, N, P-1, P-2, K-1, J. These zones are the scope of future development.
Out of these zones, L zone is the largest and shall consist the maximum numbers of residential units amongst all the zones. L zone is at the most prime location and will be the hottest property. The zonal plans for the zone have been published by the DDA which explain the development process and the features of the zone. Click Here for the L-Zone zonal plan. Review of Past Experiences of Dda |
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The process of planned development of the National Capital began with enactment of the Delhi Development Act 1957, followed by the promulgation of the Master Plan of Delhi in 1962 (MPD-62).
The aim of the policy was to ensure that the spatial pattern of development and use of land could conform to the development plan and infrastructure and services could be laid out to match the same. At that early stage, the process of planned development was envisaged as a public sector led process with very little private participation in terms of development of both, shelter and infrastructure services.
The philosophy of public sector led growth and development process continued in general till the process of economic reforms was initiated in the early nineties. Therefore, the Master Plan for Delhi 2001 (MPD-2001) also substantially reiterated the planning process, which had been outlined in MPD-62.
The population of Delhi in 2001 was 138 lakh as against the MPD-2001 projection of 128 lakh. This has had its inevitable implications and impact in terms of shelter, including squatter settlements and other infrastructure facilities.
During the years of the previous master plan, India was going through the early stages of the growth of the economy. Thus most of the development was envisaged to be public sector led and driven. Participation of the private sector was restricted to a bare minimum. During those times, the demand and supply wasnt as high as it is now, thus private sector did not have a major involvement then. But as per today's scenario of the needs that ought to be fulfilled by DDA, there is an impending need for a PPP model of development.
Some issues that arose for consideration and are also directions for MPD-2021 include:
The aim of the policy was to ensure that the spatial pattern of development and use of land could conform to the development plan and infrastructure and services could be laid out to match the same. At that early stage, the process of planned development was envisaged as a public sector led process with very little private participation in terms of development of both, shelter and infrastructure services.
The philosophy of public sector led growth and development process continued in general till the process of economic reforms was initiated in the early nineties. Therefore, the Master Plan for Delhi 2001 (MPD-2001) also substantially reiterated the planning process, which had been outlined in MPD-62.
The population of Delhi in 2001 was 138 lakh as against the MPD-2001 projection of 128 lakh. This has had its inevitable implications and impact in terms of shelter, including squatter settlements and other infrastructure facilities.
During the years of the previous master plan, India was going through the early stages of the growth of the economy. Thus most of the development was envisaged to be public sector led and driven. Participation of the private sector was restricted to a bare minimum. During those times, the demand and supply wasnt as high as it is now, thus private sector did not have a major involvement then. But as per today's scenario of the needs that ought to be fulfilled by DDA, there is an impending need for a PPP model of development.
Some issues that arose for consideration and are also directions for MPD-2021 include:
- Review of the scheme of large scale development and acquisition and its relevance in the present context.
- Alternative options for development of areas identified for urbanization in MPD- 2021.
- Evolving a system under which planning for, and provision of basic infrastructure could take place simultaneously with reference to (i) and (ii) above; and
- Involving the private sector in the assembly and development of land and provision of infrastructure services.
Brief Description of MPD
The MPD-2021 was reviewed on many occasions between 2006-2007 by DDA, before it was sent to the Ministry of Urban development, for consideration of approval. The final approval was accorded, in the present form, after due consideration of all the factors.
Aims of MPD 2021
How it's Better Than Before ?
The new policy i.e. Land Pooling Policy, which has been passed by the Authority, allows land-owners to pool their land for development by DDA. This has enabled a public-private partnership in land assembly and development. This leaves the task of only development of land (initial stages), cutting out roads by DDA, providing with facilities and other basic needs only which has minimised the role of the public sector thus speeding up the whole process of MPD.
The locals shall not intrude in the MPD development since the land acquisition is not being done by the government. This scheme, the Land Pooling Policy with PPP foundation has been recently implemented and has never been before. The land is now bought by builders/firms/individuals and is surrendered to DDA for further development unlike what happened in Dwarka or other places where the land was directly acquired by DDA paying very little compensation that didn't match the market rates.
It took a lot of time for Dwarka to fructify. This was so because many farmers stood up against DDA accusing them for not compensating well enough for the land that DDA had acquired. Also the flats in Dwarka were allotted to a group of people coming together and forming Cooperative Group Housing Society; the idea of which has been abolished. These flats that were sanctioned by DDA were only for Delhi residents as they were pretty cheap then. But many people from other states had filled up applications and booked flats in these societies. This raised an issue against those foreigners which eventually landed many societies to through scrutiny and investigations.
Thus to avoid the above mentioned scenario, DDA has come up with Land Pooling Policy which lays its foundation on a PPP model. This shall not only benefit all of the buyers but also speed up the entire process with minimum delay in the MPD completion.
Private Indulgence:
What is it: Private parties involved in planning and development of land pockets. Profits shared by land owners who pool land for residential, commercial projects.
Why the need: Introduced to battle problems of land acquisition.
What next: Agricultural land to enter into urban pool.
Q. How private sector benefited from the entire MPD ?
“Acquisition of land was becoming difficult and land owners remained unhappy with the compensation paid by government as the market value of the land is far more,’’ a DDA official said. Thus involving the private sector has removed any scope of problems through land acquisition. The land is now bought by private companies/firms/individuals thus giving the land owners the right share of money for the land they own.
Comparing Other Policies:
Aims of MPD 2021
- Accommodating a larger population
- Strengthening of infrastructure
- Creation of more open spaces
- Redevelopment of congested areas
How it's Better Than Before ?
The new policy i.e. Land Pooling Policy, which has been passed by the Authority, allows land-owners to pool their land for development by DDA. This has enabled a public-private partnership in land assembly and development. This leaves the task of only development of land (initial stages), cutting out roads by DDA, providing with facilities and other basic needs only which has minimised the role of the public sector thus speeding up the whole process of MPD.
The locals shall not intrude in the MPD development since the land acquisition is not being done by the government. This scheme, the Land Pooling Policy with PPP foundation has been recently implemented and has never been before. The land is now bought by builders/firms/individuals and is surrendered to DDA for further development unlike what happened in Dwarka or other places where the land was directly acquired by DDA paying very little compensation that didn't match the market rates.
It took a lot of time for Dwarka to fructify. This was so because many farmers stood up against DDA accusing them for not compensating well enough for the land that DDA had acquired. Also the flats in Dwarka were allotted to a group of people coming together and forming Cooperative Group Housing Society; the idea of which has been abolished. These flats that were sanctioned by DDA were only for Delhi residents as they were pretty cheap then. But many people from other states had filled up applications and booked flats in these societies. This raised an issue against those foreigners which eventually landed many societies to through scrutiny and investigations.
Thus to avoid the above mentioned scenario, DDA has come up with Land Pooling Policy which lays its foundation on a PPP model. This shall not only benefit all of the buyers but also speed up the entire process with minimum delay in the MPD completion.
Private Indulgence:
What is it: Private parties involved in planning and development of land pockets. Profits shared by land owners who pool land for residential, commercial projects.
Why the need: Introduced to battle problems of land acquisition.
What next: Agricultural land to enter into urban pool.
Q. How private sector benefited from the entire MPD ?
“Acquisition of land was becoming difficult and land owners remained unhappy with the compensation paid by government as the market value of the land is far more,’’ a DDA official said. Thus involving the private sector has removed any scope of problems through land acquisition. The land is now bought by private companies/firms/individuals thus giving the land owners the right share of money for the land they own.
Comparing Other Policies:
MPD-2021
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Other Policies
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Land Pooling Policy
In this land pooling process, the land parcels owned by Land Owners or group of Land Owners are going to be legally consolidated by transfer of ownership rights to the designated Land Pooling Agency, which later transfers the ownership of part of land back to the land owner for undertaking of development of such areas. The policy is applicable in the proposed urbanisable areas of the Urban Extension for which Zonal Plans have been approved.
The PPP model of DDA is based on land pooling policy. What exactly happens is, the private parties buy the land from the farmer (get the land registered in their name) which is then later given to DDA for development. A farmer can also keep his land and submit it to DDA himself. This land given to DDA is again returned to the party when developed. The minimum limit for getting license at later stages is 5 acres thus the land submitted to DDA for development should be 5 acres (was 11 acres in Gurgaon). The policy also gives the flexibility to join two divided lands. It is a farmer friendly policy.
Suppose, if some developer entity has two parcels of land and wants to apply for development, then the land shall be 'POOLED' and given to DDA. Hereby 'POOLED', is meant to give the collected land to DDA. Then after the pooled land is submitted to DDA, it returns a developed plot to the private party in which both the plots are joint. Allow us to explain it with a diagram:
Lets suppose that a company had two parcels of land but divided. When submitting to DDA for development the two parcels are pooled together i.e. given to DDA for development under one name. The returned land is given back by DDA which is at minimum displacement from the two.
The PPP model of DDA is based on land pooling policy. What exactly happens is, the private parties buy the land from the farmer (get the land registered in their name) which is then later given to DDA for development. A farmer can also keep his land and submit it to DDA himself. This land given to DDA is again returned to the party when developed. The minimum limit for getting license at later stages is 5 acres thus the land submitted to DDA for development should be 5 acres (was 11 acres in Gurgaon). The policy also gives the flexibility to join two divided lands. It is a farmer friendly policy.
Suppose, if some developer entity has two parcels of land and wants to apply for development, then the land shall be 'POOLED' and given to DDA. Hereby 'POOLED', is meant to give the collected land to DDA. Then after the pooled land is submitted to DDA, it returns a developed plot to the private party in which both the plots are joint. Allow us to explain it with a diagram:
Lets suppose that a company had two parcels of land but divided. When submitting to DDA for development the two parcels are pooled together i.e. given to DDA for development under one name. The returned land is given back by DDA which is at minimum displacement from the two.
DDA returns only a fixed part of the land to the private party and keeps the other part for development of the zone (making roads, fire stations, police stations, sports complexes, commercials strips, golf courses, highways, etc.)
For more details on Land Pooling Policy : CLICK HERE
For more details on Land Pooling Policy : CLICK HERE